Toll-Like Receptors 1/2/4/6 and Nucleotide-Binding Oligomerization Domain-Like Receptor 2 Are Key Damage-Associated Molecular Patterns Sensors on Periodontal Resident Cells

Biocomputational analysis of evolutionary relationship between toll-like receptor and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptors genes

AIM The active domains (TIR and NACHT) of the pattern recognition receptors (PRRs: Toll-like receptors [TLRs] and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain [NOD]-like receptors [NLR], respectively) are the major hotspots of evolution as natural selection has crafted their final structure by substitution of residues over time. This paper addresses the evolutionary perspectives of the TLR and NLR...

Oligomerization Domain-like Receptor TLR and Nucleotide-Binding

Toll-like Receptor (TLR) and Nucleotide-Binding Oligomerization Domain (NOD) Signaling during Vibrio cholerae Infection

Submit Manuscript | http://medcraveonline.com expression of ToxT [8,9]. ToxR acts as a master regulator and remains under the control of environmental factors [10]. ToxR directly regulates the expression of the outer membrane porin proteins OmpU and OmpT in a separate branch of the ToxR cascade independent of TcpP and ToxT [11,12] which has been suggested to be involved in adherence during path...

Toll Like Receptor 2 and 4 Expression in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells of Multiple Sclerosis Patients

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a T cell mediated autoimmune disease with unknown etiology. Appropriate MS therapeutic strategies need thorough understanding of both disease etiology and pathogenesis mechanisms. Ligation of TLR-2 and TLR-4 stimulates the production of several cytokines leading to CNS autoimmunity and neurodegenerative diseases. Objective: To find a relationship between M...

Toll-like receptors and damage-associated molecular patterns: novel links between inflammation and hypertension.

Low-grade systemic inflammation is a common manifestation of hypertension; however, the exact mechanisms that initiate this pathophysiological response, thereby contributing to further increases in blood pressure, are not well understood. Aberrant vascular inflammation and reactivity via activation of the innate immune system may be the first step in the pathogenesis of hypertension. One of the...